The Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, India Section B: Biological Sciences (PNASI-B) is a peer-reviewed journal dedicated to publishing high-quality research that advances knowledge across the biological sciences. The journal seeks to disseminate rigorous and impactful studies that not only contribute to academic progress but also address issues of societal and global importance. Of particular interest are interdisciplinary works and contributions that provide new mechanistic insights into molecular and cellular basis of biological processes. PNASI-B welcomes high quality submissions from researchers worldwide in, but not limited to, the following areas: • Agricultural Sciences • Animal Sciences • Biochemistry, Cell Biology, and Reproductive Biology • Environmental Sciences and Toxicology • Medical and Health Sciences • Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases • Plant Sciences ARTICLE TYPES • Research Articles: Present original research findings of broad significance. • Review Articles: Provide critical overviews of established or emerging topics in the life sciences. While reviews are often commissioned, high-quality proposals from experienced researchers are also considered. Proposals should include an abstract, a summary of the authors’ expertise, and a list of key publications in the proposed area. • Other Contributions: The journal may also consider short communications, perspectives, and special thematic articles that highlight significant advances or pressing challenges in the biological sciences. All submissions are subject to rigorous peer review and must adhere to the journal’s policies on research ethics, transparency, and data availability.