Front Matter -- Copyright page -- The Jim Crow Effect on Federal Policy and Practice / Issac Carter , Beatriz Gonzalez and Cleveland Hayes -- The Costs of Whistling, Orange Juice, and Skittles / Justin A. Coles -- The Myth of Post-Emancipation / Ebony Rose -- East vs. West / Rolanda L. Ward and Marshall Isiah Jr -- Historical Categorical Inequality / Geoffrey L. Wood -- Segregation Then, Segregation Now / Melinda Jackson-Jefferson and Deondra Warner -- The Double Penalty / Patricia Maloney -- All That Glitters Isn’t Gold / Deanna Hayes-Wilson -- The Contested New Territory / Ariel Quinio -- Cranes, Cones, and Invisible Walls / Derrick Robinson -- Fighting the Powers that Be / Sharon D. Jones-Eversley , Diane M. Harnek Hall and Jacqueline M. Rhoden-Trader -- The Decreasing Value of Labor in the Modern Age Broken Promise / Derrick D. Mckisick -- A Tale of two Cities / Erica L. Bumpers -- Living in a Warzone / Jaquial Durham -- Police Brutality in North Charleston, South Carolina / Antonio L. Ellis and Eddie Vanderhorst -- An Inspired Protest / Deleon M. Wilson -- We don’t Want no Trouble / Taharee A. Jackson -- On the Frontlines / Tiffany Hollis -- Truths we don’t Share / Erin Dreeszen -- Under-Educated and Over-Adjudicated / Jemimah L. Young -- The Role of Faith in Advocating for Black Minds / Rebecca A. Neal and Idara Essien -- Black Lives Matter, but Only so Much? / Amber C. Bryant -- US Versus Them / Lawrence Baines , Jennie Hanna and Stacey Hughes -- Policing the School / Kerri J. Tobin and Stephen M. Lentz -- The Hardened Heart / Jeff Frank -- Alternatives to Overutilizing Law Enforcement in our Schools / Randa Suleiman and Jim Hollar -- Education, Economics and Segregation in Baton Rouge / John Williams III , Amber C. Bryant and Chance W. Lewis -- What Does it mean to be United? / Clarice Thomas and Martha Donovan -- Wounds and Band-Aids in a Divided Society / Jie Yu -- White Matters / Aaron J. Griffen.

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Many urban centres are shaken to their core with mistrust between communities and law enforcement. Erosion was exacerbated in the Obama-era, intensified during the 2016 campaign, and is violently manifested in Trump’s presidency. The promise of uniting communities articulated by leaders lays broken. The text suggests that promise of prosperous and engaged urban citizenry will remain broken until we can honestly address the following unanswered questions: What factors contribute to the creation of divided communities? What happened to erode trust between community and law enforcement? What concerns and challenges do law enforcement officials have relating to policing within urban centres? What are the experiences of residents and police? And, finally, whose lives really matter, and how do we move forward? Contributors are: Lawrence Baines, Amber C. Bryant, Erica L. Bumpers, Issac Carter, Justin A. Cole, Erin Dreeszen, Jaquial Durham, Antonio Ellis, Idara Essien, Jeffrey M. Frank, Beatriz Gonzalez, Aaron J. Griffen, Jennie L. Hanna, Diane M. Harnek Hall, Cleveland Hayes, Deanna Hayes-Wilson, Stacey Hill, Jim L. Hollar, Taharee A. Jackson, Melinda Jackson-Jefferson, Sharon D. Jones-Eversley, Stephen M. Lentz, Patricia Maloney, Isiah Marshall, Jr., Derrick McKisick, Rebecca Neal, Ariel Quinio, Jacqueline M. Rhoden-Trader, Derrick Robinson, Ebony B. Rose, Randa Suleiman, Clarice Thomas, Kerri J. Tobin, Eddie Vanderhorst, Rolanda L. Ward, Deondra Warner, John Williams, Deleon M. Wilson, Geoffrey L. Wood, Jemimah L. Young, and Jie Yu.