TY  - BOOK
AU  - Bolzendahl,Catherine
AU  - Coffé,Hilde
TI  - Different and unequal?: gendered political participation in European democracies 
T2  - Cambridge elements. Elements in gender and politics,
SN  - 9781009400022
AV  - JN40 .B6 2026
U1  - 323.042094 23
PY  - 2026///
CY  - Cambridge
PB  - Cambridge University Press
KW  - Political participation
KW  - Europe
KW  - Sex role
KW  - Political aspects
KW  - Women
KW  - Political activity
N1  - Includes bibliographical references; Open access; Specialized
N2  - Examining participation across diverse activities, individual-level explanations, patterns over time, and cross-national differences, this work analyses gender patterns in participation. It considers a diverse range of activities over ten rounds (2002-2020) of the European Social Survey (ESS) across 26 European democracies. It finds strong evidence for a gender differentiation model of political participation - women participate as much or more than men in many areas, such as signing petitions, boycotting, and voting. In contrast, men contact politicians and work for parties more than women. Yet, if women held the same level of political interest as men, differences would shrink, with women demonstrating and posting online as much as men. Gender differences do not vary over time, but context matters, and women in European democracies with greater national levels of gender equality participate significantly more than in less gender-equal nations
UR  - https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009400022
ER  -