Forest Ecosystems will cease to be published by SpringerOpen as of 1 January 2022. Please visit https://www.keaipublishing.com/en/journals/forest-ecosystems/ for future publications of Forest Ecosystems. For submission-related questions, please contact the editorial office directly via lihui@bjfu.edu.cn. SpringerOpen will continue to host an archive of all articles previously published in the journal, and all articles published in Forest Ecosystems during its time with SpringerOpen will remain fully searchable via the SpringerOpen website.