Includes bibliographical references and index.

Preface -- Acknowledgements -- List of Figures and Examples -- Abbreviations -- Notations -- Transcription -- 1 The Code-Copying Model -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Basic Code and Model Code -- 3 Take-over and Carry-over Copying -- 4 Code Switching and Code Mixing -- 5 Global and Selective Copying -- 6 The Contact Globe -- 7 The Order of Influence -- 8 Copying Is a Creative Act -- 9 Attractiveness -- 10 Contact Processes -- 11 Extremely High Levels of Copying -- 12 Historical Stratification -- 13 Distinguishing Carry-over and Take-over Copying -- 14 Example of Carry-over Copying: Linguistic Convergence in the Volga Area -- 2 Global Copies -- 3 Selective Copies -- 1 Selective Copying of Material/Phonological Features -- 2 Selective Copying of Semantic Features -- 3 Selective Copying of Combinational Features -- 4 Semantic-Combinational Copies -- 5 Selective Copying of Frequential Patterns -- 6 Mixed Copies -- 7 Distributional Classes -- 8 Degree of Complexity -- 9 Accommodation of Copies -- 4 Code-Copying and Grammaticalization -- 1 Isomorphism -- 2 Combined Scheme -- 3 Aikhenvald’s ‘Grammatical Accommodation’ as a Case of Selective Copying -- 4 Diachronic Processes Are Not Copiable -- 5 Lexical and Grammatical Targets of Copying -- 6 Awareness of Sources -- 7 Use after Copying -- 8 ‘Inherited Grammaticalization’ -- 9 Conceivable Carry-over-Copying of Evidentials -- 5 Remodeling Languages -- 1 Code-Internal Development -- 2 Remodeling the Basic-Code Frame -- 3 Convergence and Divergence -- 4 Converging through Selective Copying -- 5 Momentary, Habitualized, and Conventionalized Copies -- 6 Turkic Family-External Contacts -- 7 Code-Copying in Some Large Languages of the World -- 1 English -- 2 Chinese -- 3 Arabic -- 4 Russian -- 8 Stability -- 9 High-Copying Codes -- 1 Examples of High-Copying Languages -- 2 Attitudes towards High-Copying Varieties -- 10 Cognates and Copies -- 1 Distinctions between Cognates and Copies -- 2 Motivations for Copying Bound Morphemes -- 3 Cognates and Copies in Altaic Verb Derivation -- 4 Copies -- 5 Evidence -- 6 Arguments from Silence -- 7 Copies and Copiability -- 8 Superstable Morphology? -- 9 Typological Arguments -- 11 Types of Copying in Written Languages -- 1 Types 1 and 2: Take-over and Carry-over Copying -- 2 Subtypes of Type 1 Take-over Copying -- 3 Type 2: Carry-over Copying -- 4 Type 3: Alternate Use of the Codes -- 5 A Lower-Ranking Code Explicates Texts in Higher-Ranking Code -- 6 Type 5: Higher Ranking Code as Graphic Representation of the Lower Ranking Code -- 7 Examples of Type 1 Take-over Copying -- 8 Examples of Type 2: Carry-over Copying -- 9 Examples of Type 3: Alternate Use of the Codes -- 10 Examples of Type 4: Lower-Ranking Code Explicates Higher-Ranking Code -- 11 Examples of Type 5: Higher-Ranking Code Represents Lower-Ranking Code -- 12 A Passive-Active Scale -- References -- Index.

This book presents Lars Johanson’s Code-Copying Model, an integrated framework for the description of contact-induced processes. The model covers all the main contact linguistic issues in their synchronic and diachronic interrelationship. The terminology is kept intuitive and simple to apply. Illustrative examples from a wide range of languages demonstrate the model’s applicability to both spoken and written codes. The fundamental difference between ‘take-over’ copying and ‘carry-over’ copying is given special value. Speakers can take over copies from a secondary code into their own primary code, or alternatively carry over copies from their own primary code into their variety of a secondary code. The results of these two types of copying are significantly different and thus provide insights into historical processes.

English

Description based on print version record.