Different and unequal? : gendered political participation in European democracies /
Bolzendahl, Catherine,
Different and unequal? : gendered political participation in European democracies / Catherine Bolzendah, Hilde Coffé. - 1 online resource (91 pages) : illustrations (black and white, and colour), digital, PDF file(s). - Cambridge elements. Elements in gender and politics, 2753-8117 . - Cambridge elements. Cambridge elements. Elements in gender and politics. .
Includes bibliographical references.
Open access.
Examining participation across diverse activities, individual-level explanations, patterns over time, and cross-national differences, this work analyses gender patterns in participation. It considers a diverse range of activities over ten rounds (2002-2020) of the European Social Survey (ESS) across 26 European democracies. It finds strong evidence for a gender differentiation model of political participation - women participate as much or more than men in many areas, such as signing petitions, boycotting, and voting. In contrast, men contact politicians and work for parties more than women. Yet, if women held the same level of political interest as men, differences would shrink, with women demonstrating and posting online as much as men. Gender differences do not vary over time, but context matters, and women in European democracies with greater national levels of gender equality participate significantly more than in less gender-equal nations.
Specialized.
9781009400022 No price No price No price
10.1017/9781009400022 doi
Political participation--Europe.
Sex role--Political aspects--Europe.
Women--Political activity--Europe.
JN40 / .B6 2026
323.042094
Different and unequal? : gendered political participation in European democracies / Catherine Bolzendah, Hilde Coffé. - 1 online resource (91 pages) : illustrations (black and white, and colour), digital, PDF file(s). - Cambridge elements. Elements in gender and politics, 2753-8117 . - Cambridge elements. Cambridge elements. Elements in gender and politics. .
Includes bibliographical references.
Open access.
Examining participation across diverse activities, individual-level explanations, patterns over time, and cross-national differences, this work analyses gender patterns in participation. It considers a diverse range of activities over ten rounds (2002-2020) of the European Social Survey (ESS) across 26 European democracies. It finds strong evidence for a gender differentiation model of political participation - women participate as much or more than men in many areas, such as signing petitions, boycotting, and voting. In contrast, men contact politicians and work for parties more than women. Yet, if women held the same level of political interest as men, differences would shrink, with women demonstrating and posting online as much as men. Gender differences do not vary over time, but context matters, and women in European democracies with greater national levels of gender equality participate significantly more than in less gender-equal nations.
Specialized.
9781009400022 No price No price No price
10.1017/9781009400022 doi
Political participation--Europe.
Sex role--Political aspects--Europe.
Women--Political activity--Europe.
JN40 / .B6 2026
323.042094